Tuesday, 22 September 2015

Special Issue For Data Mining IJSRD

Special Issue For Data Mining 


Dear Researchers/Authors,
IJSRD is promoting a new field of this Digital Generation-“Data Mining”. In accordance to it IJSRD is inviting research Papers from you on subject of Data Mining. This is under special Issue Publication by IJSRD. In addition to this authors will have a chance to win the Best Paper Award under this category.
To submit your research paper on Data Mining Click here

image processing

Best 25 papers will be published online. Participate in this special issue and get a chance to win the Best Paper Award for Data Mining. Also other authors will have special prizes to be won.

What is Data Mining..?



Data mining (the analysis step of the "Knowledge Discovery in Databases" process. The overall goal of the data mining process is to extract information from a data set and transform it into an understandable structure for further use.
The actual data mining task is the automatic or semi-automatic analysis of large quantities of data to extract previously unknown, interesting patterns such as groups of data records, unusual records and dependencies.The Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) process is commonly defined with the stages:
(1) Selection
(2) Pre-processing
(3) Transformation
(4) Data Mining
(5) Interpretation/Evaluation.
To know more…….

Data mining involves six common classes of tasks:

Anomaly detection (Outlier/change/deviation detection) – The identification of unusual data records, that might be interesting or data errors that require further investigation.

Association rule learning (Dependency modelling) – Searches for relationships between variables. For example, a supermarket might gather data on customer purchasing habits. Using association rule learning, the supermarket can determine which products are frequently bought together and use this information for marketing purposes. This is sometimes referred to as market basket analysis.

Clustering – is the task of discovering groups and structures in the data that are in some way or another "similar", without using known structures in the data.

Classification – is the task of generalizing known structure to apply to new data. For example, an e-mail program might attempt to classify an e-mail as "legitimate" or as "spam".

Regression – attempts to find a function which models the data with the least error.

Summarization – providing a more compact representation of the data set, including visualization and report generation.

Application Areas….


Games

            They are used to store human strategies into databases and based on that new tactics are designed by Computer ( in association with Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence)

Business

            Businesses employing data mining may see a return on investment. In situations where a large number of models need to be maintained, some businesses turn to more automated data mining methodologies.In business, data mining is the analysis of historical business activities, stored as static data in data warehouse databases. The goal is to reveal hidden patterns and trends. Data mining software uses advanced pattern recognition algorithms to sift through large amounts of data to assist in discovering previously unknown strategic business information. Examples of what businesses use data mining for include performing market analysis to identify new product bundles, finding the root cause of manufacturing problems, to prevent customer attrition and acquire new customers, cross-selling to existing customers, and profiling customers with more accuracy.

Science and engineering

            In recent years, data mining has been used widely in the areas of science and engineering, such as bioinformatics, genetics, medicine, education and electrical power engineering.

Human rights

            Data mining of government records – especially records of the justice system (i.e., courts, prisons) – empowers the revelation of systemic human rights infringement in association with era and publication of invalid or deceitful lawful records by different government organizations

Medical data mining

            Some machine learning algorithms can be applied in medical field as second-opinion diagnostic tools and as tools for the knowledge extraction phase in the process of knowledge discovery in databases.

Spatial data mining

            Spatial data mining is the application of data mining methods to spatial data. The end objective of spatial data mining is to find patterns in data with respect to geography. So far, data mining and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have existed as two separate technologies, each with its own methods, traditions, and approaches to visualization and data analysis. Data mining offers great potential benefits for GIS-based applied decision-making.

Temporal data mining

            Data may contain attributes generated and recorded at different times. In this case finding meaningful relationships in the data may require considering the temporal order of the attributes.

Sensor data mining

            By measuring the spatial correlation between data sampled by different sensors, a wide class of specialized algorithms can be developed to develop more efficient spatial data mining algorithms.

Visual data mining

            During the time spent transforming from analogical into computerized, vast datasets have been created, gathered, and stored finding measurable patterns, trends and information which is covered up in real data, with a specific end goal to manufacture prescient formations(patterns).

Friday, 21 August 2015

Emergent Artificial Intelligence : #ijsrd

IJSRD is a leading e-journal, under which we are encouraging and exploring newer ideas of current trends in Engineering and Science by publishing papers containing pure knowledge. 

What happens when a computer can learn on the job?
Artificial intelligence (AI) is, in simple terms, the science of doing by computer the things that people can do. Over recent years, AI has advanced significantly: most of us now use smartphones that can recognize human speech, or have travelled through an airport immigration queue using image-recognition technology. Self-driving cars and automated flying drones are now in the testing stage before anticipated widespread use, while for certain learning and memory tasks, machines now outperform humans. Watson, an artificially intelligent computer system, beat the best human candidates at the quiz game Jeopardy.
Artificial intelligence, in contrast to normal hardware and software, enables a machine to perceive and respond to its changing environment. Emergent AI takes this a step further, with progress arising from machines that learn automatically by assimilating large volumes of information. An example is NELL, the Never-Ending Language Learning project from Carnegie Mellon University, a computer system that not only reads facts by crawling through hundreds of millions of web pages, but attempts to improve its reading and understanding competence in the process in order to perform better in the future.
Like next-generation robotics, improved AI will lead to significant productivity advances as machines take over – and even perform better – at certain tasks than humans. There is substantial evidence that self-driving cars will reduce collisions, and resulting deaths and injuries, from road transport, as machines avoid human errors, lapses in concentration and defects in sight, among other problems. Intelligent machines, having faster access to a much larger store of information, and able to respond without human emotional biases, might also perform better than medical professionals in diagnosing diseases. The Watson system is now being deployed in oncology to assist in diagnosis and personalized, evidence-based treatment options for cancer patients.
Long the stuff of dystopian sci-fi nightmares, AI clearly comes with risks – the most obvious being that super-intelligent machines might one day overcome and enslave humans. This risk, while still decades away, is taken increasingly seriously by experts, many of whom signed an open letter coordinated by the Future of Life Institute in January 2015 to direct the future of AI away from potential pitfalls. More prosaically, economic changes prompted by intelligent computers replacing human workers may exacerbate social inequalities and threaten existing jobs. For example, automated drones may replace most human delivery drivers, and self-driven short-hire vehicles could make taxis increasingly redundant.
On the other hand, emergent AI may make attributes that are still exclusively human – creativity, emotions, interpersonal relationships – more clearly valued. As machines grow in human intelligence, this technology will increasingly challenge our view of what it means to be human, as well as the risks and benefits posed by the rapidly closing gap between man and machine.

Tuesday, 18 August 2015

Fuel cell vehicles

“Fuel cell” vehicles have been long promised, as they potentially offer several major advantages over electric and hydrocarbon-powered vehicles. However, the technology has only now begun to reach the stage where automotive companies are planning to launch them for consumers. Initial prices are likely to be in the range of $70,000, but should come down significantly as volumes increase within the next couple of years.
Unlike batteries, which must be charged from an external source, fuel cells generate electricity directly, using fuels such as hydrogen or natural gas. In practice, fuel cells and batteries are combined, with the fuel cell generating electricity and the batteries storing this energy until demanded by the motors that drive the vehicle. Fuel cell vehicles are therefore hybrids, and will likely also deploy regenerative braking – a key capability for maximizing efficiency and range.
Unlike battery-powered electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles behave as any conventionally fuelled vehicle. With a long cruising range – up to 650 km per tank (the fuel is usually compressed hydrogen gas) – a hydrogen fuel refill only takes about three minutes. Hydrogen is clean-burning, producing only water vapour as waste, so fuel cell vehicles burning hydrogen will be zero-emission, an important factor given the need to reduce air pollution.
There are a number of ways to produce hydrogen without generating carbon emissions. Most obviously, renewable sources of electricity from wind and solar sources can be used to electrolyse water – though the overall energy efficiency of this process is likely to be quite low. Hydrogen can also be split from water in high-temperature nuclear reactors or generated from fossil fuels such as coal or natural gas, with the resulting CO2 captured and sequestered rather than released into the atmosphere.
As well as the production of cheap hydrogen on a large scale, a significant challenge is the lack of a hydrogen distribution infrastructure that would be needed to parallel and eventually replace petrol and diesel filling stations. Long distance transport of hydrogen, even in a compressed state, is not considered economically feasible today. However, innovative hydrogen storage techniques, such as organic liquid carriers that do not require high-pressure storage, will soon lower the cost of long-distance transport and ease the risks associated with gas storage and inadvertent release.
Mass-market fuel cell vehicles are an attractive prospect, because they will offer the range and fuelling convenience of today’s diesel and petrol-powered vehicles while providing the benefits of sustainability in personal transportation. Achieving these benefits will, however, require the reliable and economical production of hydrogen from entirely low-carbon sources, and its distribution to a growing fleet of vehicles (expected to number in the many millions within a decade).                                                 

Tuesday, 11 August 2015

Special Issue For Image Processing



Best 25 papers will be published online.Participate in this special issue and get a chance to win the Best Paper Award for Image Processing. Also other authors will have special prizes to be won.

What is Image Processing?
Image processing is a method to convert an image into digital form and perform some operations on it, in order to get an enhanced image or to extract some useful information from it. It is a type of signal dispensation in which input is image, like video frame or photograph and output may be image or characteristics associated with that image. Usually Image Processingsystem includes treating images as two dimensional signals while applying already set signal processing methods to them. 
It is among rapidly growing technologies today, with its applications in various aspects of a business. Image Processing forms core research area within engineering and computer science disciplines too.Image processing usually refers to digital image processing, but optical and analog image processing also are possible.
Analog or visual techniques of image processing can be used for the hard copies like printouts and photographs. Image analysts use various fundamentals of interpretation while using these visual techniques. The image processing is not just confined to area that has to be studied but on knowledge of analyst. Association is another important tool in image processing through visual techniques. So analysts apply a combination of personal knowledge and collateral data to image processing.
Digital Processing techniques help in manipulation of the digital images by using computers. As raw data from imaging sensors from satellite platform contains deficiencies. To get over such flaws and to get originality of information, it has to undergo various phases of processing. The three general phases that all types of data have to undergo while using digital technique are Pre- processing, enhancement and display, information extraction.
If you have worked on any part of image processing prepare a research paper and submit to us
Image processing basically includes the following three steps.
  • Importing the image with optical scanner or by digital photography.The acquisition of images (producing the input image in the first place) is referred to as imaging.
  • Analyzing and manipulating the image which includes data compression and image enhancement and spotting patterns that are not to human eyes like satellite photographs.
  • Output is the last stage in which result can be altered image or report that is based on image analysis.

Purpose of Image processing
The purpose of image processing is divided into various groups. They are:
  • Visualization - Observe the objects that are not visible.
  • Image sharpening and restoration - To create a better image.
  • Image retrieval - Seek for the image of interest.
  • Measurement of pattern – Measures various objects in an image.
  • Image Recognition – Distinguish the objects in an image.

Applications of Image processing
Image processing has been an important stream of Research for various fields. Some of the application areas of Image processing are….
Intelligent Transportation Systems – E.g. Automatic Number Plate Recognition, Traffic Sign Recognition
Remote Sensing –E.g.Imaging of earth surfaces using multi Spectral Scanners/Cameras, Techniques to interpret captured images etc.
Object Tracking – E.g. Automated Guided Vehicles, Motion based Tracking, Object Recognition
 Defense surveillance – E.g. Analysis of Spatial Images, Object Distribution Pattern Analysis of Various wings of defense. Earth Imaging using UAV etc.
 Biomedical Imaging & Analysis – E.g. Various Imaging using X- ray, Ultrasound, computer aided tomography (CT) etc. Disease Prediction using acquired images, Digital mammograms.etc.
Automatic Visual Inspection System – E.g.Automatic inspection of incandescent lamp filaments, Automatic surface inspection systems,    Faulty component identification etc.
And many other applications…..
To contribute your research work in Image processing please prepare an article on it and submit to us. 

http://www.ijsrd.com/SpecialIssuehttp://www.ijsrd.com/SubmitManuscript


Tuesday, 19 August 2014

#IJSRD Digital Watermarking Methods in Spatial Domain and Transform Domain

#IJSRD
Digital Watermarking Methods in  Spatial Domain and Transform Domain
Abstract--- The ease of digital media modification and dissemination necessitates content protection beyond encryption. Information hidden as digital watermarks in multimedia i.e. text, image, video, audio enables protection mechanism in decrypted contents. In a way that protects from attacks several common image processing techniques are used in Spatial Domain and Transform Domain. In Spatial Domain Least Significant Bit(LSB) is used and in Transform domain Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT) & Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT) are used. Among these DWT is best method due because of using embedded zero tree wavelet image compression scheme and high frequency sub bands.  

For More Details 
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Friday, 15 August 2014

#IJSRD advanced persistent threat (APT)


Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are a cybercrime category directed at business and political targets. APTs require a high degree of stealithiness over a prolonged duration of operation in order to be successful. The attack objectives therefore typically extend beyond immediate financial gain, and compromised systems continue to be of service even after key systems have been breached and initial goals reached.
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